Buildings and Structures in Botswana: Airports in Botswana, Archaeological Sites in Botswana, Football Venues in Botswana, Museums in Botswana
Chapters: Airports in Botswana, Archaeological Sites in Botswana, Football Venues in Botswana, Museums in Botswana, Tsodilo, Sir Seretse Khama International Airport, List of Airports in Botswana, Botswana National Museum, Francistown Airport, Sua Pan Airport, Maun Airport, Selebi-Phikwe Airport, Orapa Airport, Jwaneng Airport, Shakawe Airport, Kasane Airport, Botswana National Stadium, Matsieng Footprints, Francistown Stadium, Lobatse Stadium, Ghanzi Airport, Sskb Stadium, Mochudi Stadium. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 48. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Tsodilo is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in northwestern Botswana. It was inscribed in 2001 due to its unique religious and spiritual significance to local peoples, as well as its unique record of human settlement over many millennia. It contains over 4,500 rock paintings in an area of approximately 10 km² within the Kalahari Desert. A recent discovery of 70,000-year-old artifacts and a python’s head carved of stone appears to represent the first known human rituals. Scholars had previously believed that the human intellect hadn’t quite reached the sophistication necessary for performing organized spiritual rituals and activities until about 40,000 years ago in Europe, but inside a cave in the Tsodilo hills, archaeologists have found an enormous stone sculpture of a python that was worshiped and presented with offerings as early as 70,000 years ago. It is about as tall (high) as a human being and measures approximately 20 feet (6 meters) long. “You could see the mouth and eyes of the snake. It looked like a real python,” said Sheila Coulson of the University of Oslo. “The play of sunlight over the indentations gave them the appearance of snake skin. At night, the firelight gave one the feeling that the snake was actuall…More: http://booksllc.net/?id=3834011
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read moreArchaeological Sites in Tyne and Wear: Hadrian’s Wall
Chapters: Hadrian’s Wall. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 30. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Map showing the location of Hadrian’s Wall Sections of Hadrian’s Wall remain along the route, though much has been dismantled over the years to use the stones for various nearby construction projects. Hadrian’s Wall facing East towards Crag Lough Hadrian’s Wall (Latin: ) is a stone and timber fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of what is now northern England. Begun in AD 122, during the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the first of two fortifications built across Great Britain, the second being the Antonine Wall in what is now Scotland. Hadrian’s Wall is the better known of the two because its physical remains are more evident today. Opinions differ, but the growing consensus is that the Wall was built as a readily defended fortification which clearly defined the northern frontier (lat. limes) of the Roman Empire in Britain (Britannia). It would also improve economic stability and provide peaceful conditions in the frontier zone. The wall was the most heavily fortified border in the Empire. In addition to its role as a military fortification, it is thought that many of the gates through the wall would have served as customs posts to allow trade and levy taxation. A significant portion of the wall still exists, particularly the mid-section, and for much of its length the wall can be followed on foot by Hadrian’s Wall Path or by cycle on National Cycle Route 72. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern England, where it is often known simply as the Roman Wall, or the Wall. It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. English Heritage, a government organisation in charge of managing the historic environment of England, describes it as “the most impo…More: http://booksllc.net/?id=18618416
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read moreArchaeological Sites in Sweden: Birka
Chapters: Birka. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 109. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: During the Viking Age, Birka ·) (Birca in medieval sources), on the island of Björkö (literally: “Birch Island”) in Sweden, was an important trading center which handled goods from Scandinavia as well as Central and Eastern Europe and the Orient. Björkö is located in Lake Mälaren, 30 kilometers West of Stockholm, in the municipality of Ekerö. The archaeological sites of Birka and Hovgården, on the neighbouring island of Adelsö, make up an archaeological complex which illustrates the elaborate trading networks of Viking Scandinavia and their influence on the subsequent history of Europe. Generally regarded as Sweden’s oldest town, Birka (along with Hovgården) has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993. Location in Sweden Reconstruction of housing Reconstruction of boats Map of Björkö and Birka today Map of Björkö, late 17th century, from Suecia antiqua et hodierna. Engraving by Willem Swidde.Established in the middle of the 8th century and thus being one of the earliest urban settlements in Scandinavia, Birka was the Baltic link in the river and portage route through Ladoga (Aldeigja) and Novgorod (Holmsgard) to the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Califate. Birka was also important as the site of the first known Christian congregation in Sweden, founded in 831 by Saint Ansgar. Sources are mainly archeological remains. No texts survive from this area, though the written text Vita Ansgari (“The life of Ansgar”) by Rimbert (c. 865) describes the missionary work of Ansgar around 830 at Birka, and Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum (Deeds of Bishops of the Hamburg Church) by Adam of Bremen in 1075 describes the archbishop Unni, who died at Birka in 936. St Ansgars work was the first attemp…More: http://booksllc.net/?id=4608
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read moreArchaeology of Thailand: Archaeological Sites in Thailand, Ban Chiang, Kamphaeng Phet Historical Park, Sukhothai Historical Park, Spirit Cave
Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Archaeological Sites in Thailand, Ban Chiang, Kamphaeng Phet Historical Park, Sukhothai Historical Park, Spirit Cave, Thailand, si Satchanalai Historical Park, Ayutthaya Historical Park, Khu Bua, Ban Non Wat. Excerpt: Ban Chiang (Thai: ) is an archeological site located in Nong Han district, Udon Thani Province, Thailand. It has been on the UNESCO world heritage list since 1992. Ban Chiang pottery in the Museum für Indische Kunst, Berlin-DahlemDiscovered in 1966, the site attracted enormous publicity due to its attractive red painted pottery. Villagers had uncovered some of the pottery in prior years without insight into its age or historical importance. In August 1966 Steve Young, an anthropology and government student at Harvard College, was living in the village conducting interviews for his senior honors thesis. Young, a speaker of Thai, was familiar with the work of William Solheim and his theory of possible ancient origins of civilization in Southeast Asia. One day while walking down a path in Ban Chiang with his assistant, an art teacher in the village school, Young tripped over a root of a tree Kapok and fell on his face in the dirt path. Under him were the exposed tops of pottery jars of small and medium sizes. Young recognized that the firing techniques used to make the pots were very rudimentary but that the designs applied to the surface of the vessels were unique and wonderful. He took samples of pots to Princess Phanthip Chumbote who had the private museum of Suan Pakkad in Bangkok and to Chin Yu Di of the Thai Government’s Fine Arts Department Later, Elisabeth Lyons, an art historian on the staff of the Ford Foundation, sent sherds from Ban Chiang to the University of Pennsylvania for dating. During the first formal scientific… More: http://booksllc.net/?id=208360
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read moreArchaeological Sites in Nicaragua: León, Nicaragua, Ancient Footprints of Acahualinca, León Viejo
Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Not illustrated. Excerpt: León, Nicaragua – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The first city named León in Nicaragua was established in 1524 by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba about 20 miles east of the present site. The city was abandoned in 1610, after an eruption of the Momotombo volcano, located only a couple miles away, which left extensive damage in the form of flooding from Lake Managua. The inhabitants decided to move to its current location next to the Indigenous town of Subtiava. The ruins of the abandoned city are known as “León Viejo” and were excavated in 1960. In the year 2000, León Viejo was declared an UNESCO World Heritage Site. León has fine examples of Spanish Colonial architecture, including the grand Cathedral of the Assumption, built from 1706 to 1740, with two towers added in 1746 and 1779. Renovated Spanish Colonial home.When Nicaragua withdrew from the United Provinces of Central America in 1839, León became the capital of the new nation of Nicaragua. For some years the capital shifted back and forth between León and Granada, Nicaragua, with Liberal regimes preferring León and Conservative ones Granada, until as a compromise Managua was agreed upon to be the permanent capital in 1858. In 1950 the city of León had a population of 31,000 people. Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza García was shot and mortally wounded in the city on September 21, 1956. The building of El museo de tradiciones y leyendas was once the infamous XXI jail before the 1979 revolution. There are also several political murals around the city. Janesville, WI USA … More: http://booksllc.net/?id=272888
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read moreRecent Developments In The Research And Management at World Heritage Sites (Oxford Archaeology Occasional Paper)
The papers published in this volume were presented at a seminar on ‘Recent Developments in Research and Management at World Heritage Sites’ held at the Institute of Archaeology, University College, London. This was part of the Wiltshire-Malta World Heritage Exchange Project funded by the European Union AER Centurio Programme. While most of the papers focus on prehistoric and megalithic sites in Wiltshire and Malta, others consider education, cultural landscapes, research strategies, and a Neolithic landscape in China. The common threads linking the papers are the influence of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, the importance of research in the understanding and management of World Heritage Sites, and the importance of building consensus through partnership and involvement in the management of World Heritage Sites.
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read moreArchaeological Sites in China: Yinxu
Chapters: Yinxu. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 159. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Yinxu (Chinese: ; pinyin: Ynx; literally “Ruins of Yin” (IPA: )) is the ruins of the last capital of China’s Shang Dynasty (1766 BC – 1050 BC). The capital served 255 years for 12 kings in 8 generations. Rediscovered in 1899, it is one of the oldest and largest archeological sites in China and is one of the Historical capitals of China and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is located in the very north of Henan province, close to the borders with Hebei and Shanxi, , near the modern city of Anyang, () and is open to the public as the Garden Museum of Yinxu. It is famous as the original source of oracle bones and oracle bone script, the earliest recorded form of Chinese writing. At the beginning of the 14th century B.C.E. King Pangeng of the Shang Dynasty established his capital on the banks of the Huan River at a preexisitng village from c 5000 BCE. The city was known as Yin, and from that point on the dynasty that founded it would also be known as the Yin Dynasty. Yin situated at the center of one of the first civilizations of China. King Wu Ding continued to use Yin as his capital and from this base launched numerous military campaigns (many led by his own wife Fu Hao) against surrounding tribes securing Shang rule and raising the dynasty to its historical zenith. Later rulers were pleasure-seekers who took no interest in state affairs as social differences increased within the slave-owning society. King Zhòu (), the last of the Shang dynasty kings, is in particular remembered as ruthless and debauched. His increasingly autocratic laws alienated the nobility until King Wu of the Zhu Dynasty () was able to gain the support to rise up and overthrow the Shang. The Zhu () established their capital in…More: http://booksllc.net/?id=477948